Well, I see, no one came up with any idea. I found out myself, so I publish how I solved it here; maybe this will help someone:
The problem was that I recently changed the name of the local machine, but PyDev was still looking for the local host when trying to connect to the Python Shell. I just updated the files on my operating system containing the host name and voila (for some reason, the automatic wizard did not update all the files, so I had to do it manually).
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