I just tested it using two options:
Log.d("TEST", getString(R.string.test_text)); Toast.makeText(this, getString(R.string.test_text), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
In Toast, it really looks like test¹, test², test, test , while the Logcat string is displayed correctly - test¹, test², test⁶, test⁷ - everything is fine, since you are defining your string resource.
I assume that the default font used for the user interface does not provide these characters ( ⁶ and ⁷ ). You can try using your own font from assets, making sure that it supports the required characters
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