In Poedit, you can go to the "File / Preferences / Extractors" menu, select the appropriate language that you extract (PHP in your case), and then click "Change." Here you can see the command used to extract translations:
xgettext --language=PHP --add-comments=TRANSLATORS: --add-comments=translators: --force-po -o %o %C %K %F
You can see and change here how additional translator comments are understood. You can use // TRANSLATORS: your notes or // TRANSLATORS: your notes in a string before using _('your text') to add these comments to the code. Example:
// translators: 'practice' is a verb, used on a button as an action. echo _('practice');
Only one parameter --add-comments will be active at a time, so // translators: set as the default value in Poedit.
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