This is a method called CSS Fonts, they use a font to replace the full icon text that will be in the font file that they created.
This allows the logo to scale unlimitedly with the site, depending on the resolution, and tends to reduce download time. They can also change color and apply other cool CSS rules to it, as opposed to images.
Things like Pictos and Picons are similar, as they offer a font where you can use the letter H to show a pie chart, for example.
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