Well, after a long session "find all my settings files and save them, delete Xcode and all its settings files, reinstall Xcode, restart loading simulators and copies, replace settings files, etc. etc." I ended up in the same position. There is no retina simulator for me.
The problem is not in Xcode or in the project file - the 5.0 simulator simply does not start in Retina mode. The 5.1 and 6.0 simulators work fine, as I discovered when I switched to them in the compilation scheme. Go back to 5.0, and I'm stuck in normal simulator mode. The reason I used the 5.0 simulator was to test iOS features with the lowest common denominator. This is a bug in iOS 6.0 that affects large packet transfers through IPSec, which has not yet been fixed.
So, I still do not know what the missing status of Derived Data is, except that it is fixed, and I assume that reinstalling the application has been fixed.
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