I found a description of the implementation from the author of this effect:
“Of course, there was a lot of work to create the illusion of depth in the 2D plane. The principle is very simple: the circles begin in the middle of the screen with a scale of 0. Then the first circle of the tunnel starts to scale in proportion to the time elapsed (linear scaling does not work), and after a while the second the circle starts scaling, then the 3rd, 4th, etc. Then you proportionally decrease the alpha value for the circles (those that are in the far back have an alpha value lower than in front to create the illusion of blurring) , you determine the path which each circle should follow, moving its coordinates X and Y, then you place the spaceship in the middle of the screen.Inclining the device causes the tunnel to move left and right, up and down (but it seems that the spaceship is moving instead!) only circles exit the screen, they quickly disappear and return to their original position (to save memory, so I do not need to create new circles, but I reuse them). Sorry for my English, but I hope I explained the general idea :) "
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