From http://php.net/manual/en/configuration.file.per-user.php :
.user.ini
Starting with PHP 5.3.0, PHP includes INI support for .htaccess style files for each directory. These files are processed only by CGI / FastCGI SAPI. This feature is deprecated by the hccanner PECL extension. If you are using Apache, use .htaccess files for the same effect.
In addition to the main php.ini file, PHP scans the INI files in each directory, starting from the directory of the requested PHP file and laying the path to the current document root (as set in $ _SERVER ['DOCUMENT_ROOT']). If the PHP file is outside the document root, only its directory is checked.
Only INI settings with the PHP_INI_PERDIR and PHP_INI_USER modes will be recognized in INI files of the .user.ini type.
Two new INI directives, user_ini.filename and user_ini.cache_ttl control the use of custom INI files.
user_ini.filename sets the name of the file that PHP searches in each directory; if it is set to an empty string, PHP does not scan at all. The default is .user.ini.
user_ini.cache_ttl determines how often user INI files are re-read. The default value is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
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