Unlike most other audio, voice call sound is usually processed entirely by the modem subsystem. Thus, the modem processor and its associated DSP (s) (if any) have access to the sound of a voice call, but the application processor does not or at least do not change it in any way.
Some platforms allow the application processor to read uplink / downlink audio either in compressed form (AMR) or after decoding (PCM). But no platform used for Android devices that I know of has (full) support for data input in an uplink. If they are, it will be a completely non-standard function.
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