Great question. On the Windows platform, this is really difficult because there are many different encodings and code pages, and they can be mixed.
I usually test the input application, which is a combination of two languages ββother than ASCII, such as a file name, which is a combination of Russian and Hebrew letters, and we see that the application can open this file, etc. You can copy this: "Χ©ΧΧΧ hello" and see how it works for such input.
Since we have two languages, it is impossible to support ANSI encoding, so there will be no such error, which is the most common.
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