Yes, it will affect it. But at least for keys with a reasonable size, one character versus 10 or 20 characters will not make any difference in performance if you are not on a very large scale (millions of records). Most implementations (including chrome, for which I can speak) store the complete object, including key names, but indexes only save the "key path" once ..
Assuming that {"foo": "bar"} probably takes about ~ 12 bytes to store (approximately 4 bytes for each line, plus some overhead like, but the subsequent index on "foo" will only store "Baz".
{"foobarbaz": "helloworld"} probably takes ~ 23 bytes to store. Indeed, I would expect that in most cases your own data should outshine the overhead by the length of the key, and trying to shorten your keys to save a few bytes is a premature optimization.
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