I think the reason this variety of names exists is because, according to the GLSL specification , shaders are not files, they are character strings. Lines that almost every application loads from a file, but lines nonetheless.
Nevertheless, the authors of Orange Book in their sample applications focused on .vert and .frag. I think this is a pretty significant voice. I also think that he puts the right note between short (moreso than.fragment) and legible (moreso than.fsh).
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