I cannot prove that other systems were there before, but the LISP REPL construct is one common name assigned to this style of interpreter.
The LISP Programmer's Guide Since 1960 (PDF) contains a reference on page 2 regarding:
Base system extensions are available for various purposes. The compiler version of the LISP system can be used to compile S-expressions into machine code. Compiled function values ββare computed approximately 60 times faster than function S-expressions can be interpreted and evaluated. The LISP compiler system uses approximately half of the 32,000 memory.
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