You can also use Try / Catch in MSTest. In the Catch block, you can catch a specific error and print it using Console.Write to find out about the error. I would recommend you study this thread for more details.
EDIT 1: Personally, I don't use try / catch to pass my test method. I am writing a test method to find a defect in the actual product. Therefore, if you expect your calling method to give you a specific exception, I would suggest using the ExpectedException attribute. This applies if you are using your test method for individual test data.
Now, if you want to pass some test data to your test method. Then I would suggest going for test cases with data. Here you can store all your test data inside XML or XLS or in a database. Then, using this input file, you can feed some test data into your test method. Try not to use try / catch here for any test data if your invocation method sends you some kind of exception, and then see if MSTest can handle it and move on to the next test data or not. If it moves, then in the test results window you can see why your method failed for these specific test data. For a data-based concept, see Link
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