The latticeExtra package has a number of great features to create brighter labels for the logarithmic axes. In your case, see xscale.components.log10ticks .
Here is an example taken from the man page which basically shows what you want (although here it is the y axis, which gets the markings you want on the x axis):
xyplot((1:200)/20 ~ (1:200)/20, type = c("p", "g"), scales = list(x = list(log = 2), y = list(log = 10)), xscale.components = xscale.components.fractions, yscale.components = yscale.components.log10ticks)

EDITED by providing an additional example to respond to the comments of the original poster
library(latticeExtra) dat <- 10^seq(-3, 5) options(scipen=10) options(digits=10) xyplot(dat ~ dat, type = c("p", "g"), scales = list(x = list(log = 2), y = list(log = 10)), xscale.components = xscale.components.log10ticks, yscale.components = yscale.components.log10ticks)

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