CGPDF * functions are a functional mechanism that allows you to go to a series of arrays, dictionaries, integers, string and name elements in PDF documents. PDF documents themselves really only consist of these βcoreβ elements. If you want some kind of bright reading, look at the 1,500-page PDF specification. As rob mayoff pointed out, you basically point to memory when you have a CGPDFDocumentRef.
However, there is no value that is guaranteed in the PDF structure, which will give you the file name. Download Voyeur and dig up your PDF to look around and prove that I'm wrong (I could be).
Here is a sample of the true PDF content:

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