After a while, I found the answer: Flex does some initialization at startup, with which the AMF classes will not work. Luckily, Adobe thought of those who wanted to use AMF from a non-flex project or from flash memory, and provided a method for performing the initialization required by AMF.
I added this line to the top of my application, and suddenly all AMF calls worked just as well as in my Flex project:
RpcClassAliasInitializer.registerClassAliases ();
(Yes, I answered my question. I did not find any blogs or search results on this issue, so I share this issue and fix it here.)
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