There is no direct way to do this.
But if you really want to try, you will need to read the JOptionPane API, which gives you code that shows you how to manually create and display a JOptionPane without using showXXX methods.
Using this approach, you now have access to the executive JDialog. You can then use Darryl SwingUtils to access individual buttons, and then set the background.
The code will look something like this:
JButton ok = SwingUtils.getDescendantOfType(JButton.class, dialog, "Text", "Ok"); ok.setBackground(...);
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