I do not know if I should answer my question this way or change my question. In any case, I find a solution, and I just want to tell everyone who gets the same error about it.
After several days of research and attempts, I understand that Fedora and C ++ on 64 bits are not suitable for Hadoop. I tried to compile Hadoop wordcount C ++ using ant as described on the wiki. But ant causes me some error: libssl and stdint.
First, if you are in Fedora, you need to add -lcrypto to the LIBS variables in .configure. This is due to the fact that the dependency on libcrypto should now be explicitly specified on this platform when binding to libssl (see error in Fedora ).
Second problem: ant creates a lot of errors in C ++ files: for the solution, you just need to add include: stdint.h at the top of the file.
Then build success. I tried running the wordcount example on my Hadoop cluster, and it works, but mine does not. I expected the problem to come from the library that I just fixed, and I was right: I tried to run the Hadoop example with the library from the hadoop installation directory, and this did not work, and I get the same error.
This can be explained by the fact that ant recompile the C ++ library needed for Hadoop (with the fix I made) and use it, instead the library provides the Hadoop installation directory in it.
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