Instead of cluttering your argument list with options that control all aspects of the chart's appearance, chartSeries() has one theme argument. theme takes a chart.theme object, which controls the colors of most parts of the chart, linking all these color chart.theme to a single object.
The chartTheme() function creates chart.theme objects of the corresponding shape. Among the options listed in ?chartTheme , up.col seems to control the color you're asking for:
require(quantmod) getSymbols("YHOO") chartSeries(YHOO, type="line", theme = chartTheme("black", up.col='gold'))

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