No, no application with the same package name can exist on any device. The name of the package defines your application and is one of the things that can never change:
http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/06/things-that-cannot-change.html
Naturally, you can have different applications with package names "sibling", so they have a common root. For example, you might have one application with the package name com.example.foo and another application with the package name com.example.bar.
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