It seems that redeploying my application was necessary so that the monitoring actually got the values. I may have misinterpreted this guide, but it doesn't seem to require a restart / redeployment:
Oracle GlassFish Server 3.1 Administration Guide
In addition, it is strange that the following shows that there is no monitoring data:
asadmin get -m server.thread-pools.thread-pool.http-thread-pool.*
Instead, you should go through a specific network listener, for example:
asadmin get -m server.network.http-listener-2.thread-pool.*
It also seemed to me that enabling thread pool monitoring was not enough to view thread pool statistics. You should also enable http service monitoring:
asadmin enable-monitoring asadmin set server.monitoring-service.module-monitoring-levels.thread-pool=HIGH asadmin set server.monitoring-service.module-monitoring-levels.http-service=HIGH
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