No Unfortunately. Since SASS is compiled on the server in direct CSS, and CSS is rendered by the client, you cannot get this effect with SASS. In other words, this is not until the browser interprets CSS, that you know what 100% is, and that long after SASS has been able to compile.
If you need to know the internal width of a block element on the server side of the pixel level before the page is displayed, the really only way to do this is to have a fixed-width layout. Many sites do this - for example, this, for example, so I would look at this as an option.
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