A completely elite way is to do SET debug_print_parse TO on; or SET debug_print_plan TO on; and then view the parse or plan tree in the log of the server for which the function is being called.
In this specific example, this will tell you that what you wrote is not great, it just passes the string '{1,2,3}' to an input function like int4[] . There are other scenarios in which the translation function as such will not be called, such as binary compatible types or coercion using I / O functions.
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