You should use something more like
$node_field[0]['value'] = preg_replace( '/^(A|An|The) (.*)/i', "$2, $1", $node->title );
If I understand correctly, that should change any "A ...", "An ..." or "The ..." to "..., A", "..., An" and "... , The "respectively.
i after the slash in the Regex pattern makes it case insensitive, which should catch all versions of A, An or The.
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