The correct directory for my mnt/sdcard . This works for me:
adb push README mnt/sdcard
Also note that you can explore directories with adb shell ls <path> , which could redirect you to the correct path.
Edit - apparently sdcard is a symbolic link to mnt/sdcard and works for me. A file named image1.png also works. Maybe there is a problem file already located in this place?
Change 2 . I think you also need to disable the USB mount option when you use adb for push files. It looks like you have this, given your comment that the gallery does not find your media.
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