There seems to be no custom setting that controls whether open documents are remembered. By default, Visual Studio stores this data and then reopens the documents that were opened the last time the project / solution was closed. As indicated by some of the links cited by Stuart Dunkeld , a macro is required in Visual Studio to override this default behavior.
My problem is that my “Settings” have become bloated / damaged. Based on Luke's assumption, I exported my settings, then reset. This restored the default behavior of Remember Open Documents. Then, after much deliberation, I managed to import (almost) all my old settings and still not ruin the correct behavior of the document.
When importing my settings, I selected everything except the "Window Layouts" setting.

This restored my existing settings, while retaining the default behavior of Visual Studio, remembering which documents were open.
Then I re-exported my (fixed) settings so that I have a backup. This is when I noticed that my old, possibly corrupt exported settings file was 8.6 MB, and my new, correct exported settings file was only 0.2 MB.
After examining some of the differences between the two settings files, some of the information leads me to think that installing VS2010 SP1 had a conflict with the Document Well 2010 Plus feature in Power Tools Performance Extension , but I can’t test this positively.
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