I think one of the reasons you might find it difficult to find an article is this report from Hopcroft and Fortune , which mentions some issues with This. In particular, Rabin’s algorithm involves using randomization to find the nearest points in O (n) time, and although he does it right, the real reason for the acceleration is the ability to do constant time transformations from arbitrary real numbers to their integer floors. With this assumption, Hopcroft and Fortuna propose a deterministic algorithm O (n lg lg n) for finding the nearest points on the plane.
I do not know if this is a satisfactory answer to your question, but at least the above link is a cool algorithm!
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