\date does not receive the date, sets the date of the document. If you are looking at the source code of latex.ltx , you will find:
\def\date
So, if the document date is specified in the preamble, you can get it using \@date . Unfortunately (for you) this macro has @ , so you cannot use it directly in the text of a regular document. So you would have to put this in your preamble:
\makeatletter \let\insertdate\@date \makeatother
Then \insertdate is an alias \@date and inserts the date specified in the preamble into the current text.
But you also indicated the βactualβ date, which may mean the current date since the document was compiled. This information is stored by TeX in \today .
By the way, you can find entire communities in TeX StackExchange , where the question related to TeX is too small.
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