I do not want to answer my question, but after I tried to solve this problem, I thought that I would send an answer if someone else would have the same problem.
In the end, I got rid of all my areas from my application and just had the basic routing of Global.asax. When I started the application, I could see in the route debugger that the routes collection from the existing areas was still filled in the route collection. After trying many things, including deleting everything from my temporary ASP.NET files, communicating with IIS AppPools and clearing the browser data, I finally came across an answer.
I deleted everything from the bin folder in the folders of websites, made a recreation and low, and now, the routes disappeared. I restored my areas with the described configuration, and everything works as it should.
I have no idea why my MVC application kept and populated the old routes, but as soon as my bin was cleaned up and the new DLL files created everything I needed. If anyone knows why this might be then I would be very interested.
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