If there was such a resource that would surely save me a lot of time! When I first started my current work, my first task was to create a spreadsheet of information on the three-dimensional capabilities of all smartphones. It was waaaay harder than I expected, because the various device manufacturers are surprisingly restrained with respect to specific information other than that in their marketing brochures. I didn’t even get every device (just a solid selection of the most famous), and I didn’t examine them to the depth that you are asking for.
In general, however, I found several common patterns and the most useful resources that together told me the most about what I need to know.
First of all, almost all smartphones there use either a PowerVR chip or a Qualcomm chip (previously / alternatively known as "Adreno", this is a long story, read the
Wikipedia article ) for the GPU. For example, all iPhones use the PowerVR GPU (while other generations), and Microsoft has mandated that all WinPhone 7 devices use the same Qualcomm Snapdragon chipset. Motorola Droids uses PowerVR, HTC Android phones use Qualcomm, etc.
Secondly, I relied heavily on GLBenchmark, PDAdb.net, and the good ole Wikipedia. For example, going to the Results tab in GLBenchmark displays a list of all the smartphones they tested, then go to the iPhone 3Gs results and go to the GL Environment tab:
http://www.glbenchmark.com/phonedetails.jsp?benchmark=glpro20&D=Apple+iPhone+3G+S&testgroup=gl
Oh look, he has a PowerVR SGX 535