I am not aware of any internal NServiceBus function for associating extra data with a message out of range.
I think that you are right at the point - if all the payload cannot fit into the limit, then it is better to save it in another place at your discretion, and then transfer the identifier.
However, you may be able to create a message structure so that the message can implement the IHasPayload interface (which could possibly include an identifier and type?), And then your application logic could have a common method for receiving the payload with the IHasPayload message.
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