I cannot come up with any written resource about this practice. But you're on the right track about Photoshop. Designers create visual effects for various controls in some design applications, such as Photoshop. The developer then assigns these assets to the controls, for example, various button states are loaded as images and, possibly, the text is added to the code.
By looking at the WeightBot user interface and the large blue glowing numbers, I can think of two ways to accomplish them:
1) provide all the numbers 0-9 in Photoshop and put them together at runtime (just load UIImageViews into a UIView, calculating the sizes and positions at runtime)
2) create text with something like UILabel, and then apply effects to it programmatically at runtime.
Both methods are good, and both have different tradeoffs regarding application size, code maintenance, developer / designer required, performance, etc. Itβs also customary to mix them everywhere, especially with something like a fancy background image + text created at runtime on top of it.
You are right that all this is very similar to cutting websites and requires you to think about what elementary elements use the interface and how to compose them.
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