No, this is not possible because the control uses the same binding as other controls, such as ListBox, DropDownList, RadioButtonList, etc.
According to MSDN:
To set multiple options in the program control list, a collection of controls and a set of selected properties for each individual item.
You can implement OnDataBinding for CheckListBox and then search for each element that is bound, but it may just be easier to do it all in one place.
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