The answer to editable questions.
The field that interests you is called Embedded Systems or Embedded Programming .
Avoid any problems with the operating systems, hosts, or processors in Embedded Systems. Not all of them are programmed using Linux or WinCE. There are many Off The Shelf (OTS) operating systems such as VRTX, Nucleus, Windriver, and ThreadX. Processors are not all Intel Power PCs. There are small 8-bit controllers, digital signal processors and systems with more than one processor. Systems can be developed using compilers other than GCC or MS Visual Studio. Some other companies are Greenhills, Metaware and Intel. It also means that assembly languages will be different.
Understand both electronics and programming. Ability to switch between C, C ++ and assemblers. Know how to trace the circuit and use oscilloscopes and logic analyzers.
BTW, C ++ is not a language commonly used for embedded systems. In my experience, C and assembly are used more often than C ++. Some systems may use Java and even compile BASIC.
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