It sounds like one hell of a situation if you cannot understand what happened in what is happening in production.
However, one possible solution is to look at the debug header of the .exe assembly, if it was compiled using debugging symbols, it may contain the original full path to pdb, giving you the key to where it was built. You can get it using the dumpbin tool, which is part of the sdk window.
Here is an example output:
Debug Directories Time Type Size RVA Pointer -------- ------ -------- -------- -------- 4A0F2A94 cv 51 0006672C 6492C Format: RSDS, {77468AA8-8494-46AC-87DF-422721517504}, 8, C:\sources\mcs\class\Mono.Cecil\obj\Debug\Mono.Cecil.pdb
Even better, if you have pdb, you can use a tool like pdbdump to find out which files were used to compile the assembly.
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