I think you want to use Project Server. You can define corporate codes that move along with your resources, tasks, etc. You can also report them, sort, filter and all these useful materials along with the usual project information (Dates, Resources, Expenses ...).
If you do not have the infrastructure / funding to do all this, an alternative approach would be to standardize all the project plans used by your firm and set up a template on which the plans are based. (Tools | Customize allows you to add custom fields and change the default forms.) You can change the tables used for reporting in (View | More Tables). You can make a lot of adjustments this way and still have all of your information in the Project Plan instead of distributing through the mpp file and database.
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