Re-setting the calculation / zone seems to do the trick. Using this command
gcloud container clusters list
I got
NAME ZONE MASTER_VERSION MASTER_IP MACHINE_TYPE NODE_VERSION NUM_NODES STATUS k0 europe-west1-d 1.6.4 35.187.164.84 n1-standard-1 1.6.4 3 RUNNING
Thus, the zone seemed to be configured, but only after repeated execution
gcloud config set compute/zone europe-west1-d
started working again.
Thus, the real question arises: why does the configuration of the computing zone suddenly cease to be valid?
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