You can check the compatibility level of the current database to make sure it is compatible with 2012+ features.
select ColumnStore = case when compatibility_level >= 110 and (serverproperty ('edition') like 'Enterprise%' or serverproperty ('edition') like 'Developer%') then 1 when compatibility_level >= 130 and serverproperty ('productlevel') != 'RTM' then 1 else 0 end from sys.databases where name = db_name()
Note:
SELECT * from sys.system_objects where name='column_store_dictionaries'
exists in editions that do not support column indexes (e.g. 2014 Express)
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