At the moment, unfortunately, there is not a single format that will be played in all browsers.
If you want to get a good idea of the current situation, then the table on the page by this link is usually relevant (including the link, not copying the table, because the information changes so much):
Typically, MP4 is the most supported container format, but even here you can have multiple codecs with multiple profiles, etc.
There is a resource that generates sample HTML5 code to support as many browsers as possible (usually called Video for Everybody). I'm not sure how often it is updated:
Here is an example for HTML5 playback only (no Flash backup, but you can add this if you want):
<video controls="controls" poster="http://sandbox.thewikies.com/vfe-generator/images/big-buck-bunny_poster.jpg" width="640" height="360"> <source src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.mp4" type="video/mp4" /> <source src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.webm" type="video/webm" /> <source src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.ogv" type="video/ogg" /> <img alt="Big Buck Bunny" src="http://sandbox.thewikies.com/vfe-generator/images/big-buck-bunny_poster.jpg" width="640" height="360" title="No video playback capabilities, please download the video below" /> </video> <p> <strong>Download video:</strong> <a href="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.mp4">MP4 format</a> | <a href="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.ogv">Ogg format</a> | <a href="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.webm">WebM format</a> </p>
You will see that for maximum support, especially for older browsers, you really need your video in several different formats.
However, for most people, using MP4 as a container and H.264 as a codec will reach most of your users.
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