On Windows / OS X, Docker runs inside a Linux virtual machine (Docker Toolbox) with a default IP address of 192.168.99.100. Thus, when you use docker run -p 80:80 to bind the container port to the host port, it actually binds to port 80 of the virtual machine. Thus, you need the address http://192.168.99.100 .
The address 172.17.0.3 is the address of the docker container inside , which is not directly accessible from Windows / OS X.
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