In the end, I came up with two solutions:
1) Accept all executable files
config.vm.synced_folder "../my-folder", "/home/vagrant/my-folder", mount_options: ["dmode=775,fmode=777"]
2) Use rsync method to synchronize folders
config.vm.synced_folder "../ansible-provision", "/home/vagrant/ansible", type: "rsync", rsync__exclude: ".git/"
Each method has its drawbacks, but the first was the fastest to implement and acceptable for my use case, so I went with it.
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