After some reading and lots of trial and error, this works:
/public/bootstrap/bower_components/jquery /public/bootstrap/bower_components/bootstrap/** !/public/bootstrap/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/ !/public/bootstrap/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/** !/public/bootstrap/bower_components/bootstrap/less/ !/public/bootstrap/bower_components/bootstrap/less/variables.less
The problem is this line in the docs: "Cannot re-include the file if the parent directory of this file is excluded."
This seems to directly contradict the other answers, but it seems like it works for me.
In my testing, I found that you would ignore like this:
/public/bootstrap/*
You cannot unlock more than one level deep in a line.
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