You can kill logstash processes with skill -u logstash . Launch logstash in the foreground with increased detail.
If you change (temporarily) the output as the result of only stdout output, what do you notice?
Please note that if you are likely to get a connection with other nodes; saying host => localhost does not mean that you are just getting a connection to port 9300 (I suggest testing with tcpdump on lo and eth0 (or something suitable). So check your firewall and maybe take a firewall temporarily.
Also note that localhost can give you the result of IPv6; you can say 127.0.0.0 instead.
Elasticsearch exit documentation can be seen in logstash docs
You do not say whether you use the built-in elastics search or not; the default value is false, so I think you are not doing this.
I remember that the problem was in my own deployment, where logstash and elasticsearch were present on the same host, and a collision occurred for port 9300; I decided that using logstash, use port 9301 (bind_port).
I suggest you also install a "cluster". By default, the "protocol" will be "node", which means that it will try to become part of the cluster (although not for node data), you can try changing this to "transport" or http and observe the behavior change.
It was very useful for me to carefully look at network traffic when I started to carefully check the behavior.
FWIW, I found the "Logstash Book" very worthwhile (and cheap).
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