Neo4j has a stripped down version called ImpermanentGraphDatabase. This is for testing only. For instance. when you develop an application with a schedule enabled, your hardware tests can use it. It is not recommended to use ImpermanentGraphDatabase for real life scenarios with large amounts of data.
To use ImpermanentGraphDatabase, you usually start with TestGraphDatabaseFactory , this one is in the neo4j-kernel jar with the tests classifier, see the reference guide .
Regardless of whether you use Neo4j in the built-in or server mode, several levels of caches are used to make your requests as fast as possible, for more details see the reference manual .
To summarize: Neo4j is an ACID-compatible transactional database that fetches from your provided RAM by caching. But I will not assume that this is a database in memory.
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