As indicated in another answer, it intervalis a static function, so it does not exist on the prototype Observable, which is why your error is executed.
, , timer.
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
import 'rxjs/add/observable/of';
import 'rxjs/add/observable/timer';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/catch';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/map';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/switchMap';
@Effect()
onLoadTasksLoadTasks$: Observable<Action> = this.actions$
  .ofType(tasksActions.ActionTypes.LOAD_TASKS)
  .switchMap(() => Observable
    .timer(0, 10000)
    .switchMap(() => this.TS.index()
      .map((res) => new tasksActions.LoadTasksSuccessAction(res.json()))
      .catch(err => Observable.of(new tasksActions.LoadTasksFailAction(err)))
    )
  );
timer , , . , LOAD_TASKS, switchMap , timer ..