In previous versions of Visual Studio, this was not possible.
However, this was fixed in Visual Studio 2017. Just set a breakpoint and run the project using IE (or Chrome), and your breakpoint will be deleted in your ts file and you can execute the code in the VS environment (not in the debug window of the browser code). This is a huge step forward for developing Typescript.
Interestingly, the code will switch to js if it jumps to another file for which there is no corresponding ts file, and then returns to ts again when possible.
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